1. one sentence
2. in this article, [title] by [author], [signal word]
3. throughout, citing page numbers/the page range after sentences
4. complete citation in bibliography

use gender neutral language

writing essay

1. proposal: a way in which the education system can be approved upon *
2. best piece of advice you were ever given
3. most important person in your life

genres “kinds of writing”

academic summary writing

purpose of a summart is to highlight the main points or ideas of a topic

summary features

• accurate restatement of topics main argument and support (argument first, support for filler)
• greater brevity than original (obvious)
• reporting or signalling phrases (claims explains expresses etc)(pg 21)(expresses overall purpose, sub purposes)
• a logical structure (academic environment - same basic structure) *sometimes there is reason to mix up the structure to make the summary clearer or to help explain the original content, esp when it’s a chaotic structure in its original content)
• citation (academic)

developing your summary’s content (preparing to write)

• read and understand text 
• distinguish abstractions from details (abstraction not a detail, not talking about a specific thing, details support abstrations, facts/specific experiences/etc are often details)(be aware when the topic/abstraction shifts)
• retrace structure of argument
• research (not always necessary)(if you think the summary would be more affective with research then do so)

organizing drafting and structuring your summary

• accuracy (sometimes difficult because you’re obviously changing the phrasing, the wording, condensing, etc)
• originality (no patch writing, actually rephrasing and recommunicating the idea and text of another person)
• condensing (eliminating most of the support, filler, keeping the main abstractions, keeping support if you think it is needed)
• signal phrases
• citations (brief page span at the end of sentence/chunk, complete at the end)

patch writing

when you take a piece of text and you look for a synonym for each word - still considered plagiarism

summary writing

about speaking with your own voice

noting

if you can’t shorten the text by paraphrasing or it becomes longer, simply quote/cite

avoid quoting as much as possible

reason to quote: original writer used very expressive, emotive language that can’t be conveyed through paraphrasing

summary

• accurate
• clear
• comprehensive
• thesis
• concise